COST 622 ACTION
Soil Resources of European Volcanic Systems
WORKING GROUP 5
Soil sampling strategy and analysis on reference European
volcanic soils
PROFILE N1 - IT
- Date of description: 20-11-1998
- Authors: A.G. Jongmans and F. van Oort
- Location: Napels, Italy, Gauro Volcano
- Altitude: 103m
- Latitude: 40°52'4'' N
- Longitude: 14°06'38'',40 (Greenwich)
- Map number and Coordinates: F°184 Marano di Napoli IV SE (scale 1:25000)
- Classification:
- Soil Climate; Thermic temperature regime, Ustic moisture regime.
- Topography: Rolling
- Landform: Hill, Volcano
- Land element: NE Slope,
- Position: Upper slope
- Slope: Strongly sloping (10-15%)
- Form: Terraced
- Micro-topography: At the slope a number of flat to almost flat terraces occur
- Landuse/Vegetation: Orchard (apples). Soil surface is covered by herbs
- Human influences: situated in a man made terrace, and ploughed till 15 cm.
- Parent material: Pyroclastic trachytic ash deposits; age: 3700 BP (Astroni eruption)
- Effective soil depth: Deep
- Erosion: No erosion features visible.
- Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained, never saturated.
- Moisture conditions: Slightly moist
N1 IT SOIL HORIZON DESCRIPTION:
Ap: 0-16 cm; 10YR 3/3; sandy loam; common, fine to coarse, subrounded trachytic pumice gravel, slightly weathered; weak, fine to very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly sticky (wet); very few, fine to very fine biopores; many fine roots from herb vegetation, few tree roots; some pot cherts; clear and smooth to: Bw1: 16-54 cm; 10YR 5/6; loamy sand; common fine to coarse subrounded trachytic gravel, fresh to slightly weathered; weak, very fine, subangular blocky; friable; many very fine to fine biopores; many fine roots, few coarse tree roots, few pot cherts; in old dead tree roots many matric-organic fecal pellets, < 1mm. occur; clear and smooth to: Bw2: 54-95 cm; !0 YR 6/6; loamy sand; common very fine to fine slightly and totally weathered trachitic pumice gravel; fine, distinct, granular structure in a clustered distribution pattern; soft when dry, friable when moist; many fine and very fine biopores; many fine, and medium, few coarse roots; totally decomposed dead roots consisting of organic-matric fecal pellets; smooth and diffuse to: BC: 95-120/130 cm; 10YR 6/6 and 10 YR 8/3; loamy sand; common fine to coarse trachitic pumice gravel; 50% of the groundmass has no macrostructure, 50% has a fine, distinct ,granular structure; very friable; many very fine biopores; many fine roots and few coarse roots; gradual and irregular to: (2?)C: >120/130 cm; 2.5Y 7/4; fine silt and very fine sand; few fine to coarse gravel; no macro structure; friable; pockets up till 5 cm in size with material of the overlying horizon; few fine biopores; few fine and coarse roots; few decomposed roots.
PROFILE N2 - IT
- Date of description: 20-11-1998
- Authors: A.G. Jongmans and F. van Oort
- Location: Napels, Italy, Gauro Volcano
- Altitude: 225m
- Latitude: 40°51'36'' N
- Longitude: 14°06'26'',40 (Greenwich)
- Map number and Coordinates: F°184 Marano di Napoli IV SE (scale 1:25000)
- Classification
- Soil Climate; Mesic temperature regime, Ustic moisture regime.
- Topography: Rolling
- Landform: Hill, Volcano
- Land element: Slope, NE oriented,
- Position: Crest, narrow ridge with concave slopes to the W and E.
- Slope: Gently sloping (2 - 5%)
- Form: Straight in NE direction
- Micro-topography: No micro relief
- Landuse/Vegetation: Forest, Chestnuts, Herb vegetation: Cyclamen, Brackens
- Human influences: Selective cutting of trees
- Parent material: Pyroclastic trachytic deposits; end member of the Astroni eruption
- Effective soil depth: Deep
- Erosion: Not visible, but considering the landscape position, and soil development, this profile has been subject to erosion.
- Drainage class: Excessively drained
- Internal drainage: Rapid
- External drainage: Moderately rapid runoff
- Moisture conditions: Slightly moist
N2 IT SOIL HORIZON DESCRIPTION:
Ol:
-1- -0.7cm; fresh litter
Of+h:
-0.7 – 0 cm; partially to completely decomposed organic matter
A1:
0-2/5 cm; 10YR 2/2; sandy loam; no gravel; no macro structure; friable; few fine biopores; many fine and medium roots; frequently matric/organic fecal pellets (0.5 mm); abrupt and wavy to:
Bw:
2/5-25 cm; 10YR 4/4; sandy loam, few fine to coarse trachitic pumice gravel, partially weathered and locally with thin iron rinds; weak, fine, angular blocky structure; friable to firm; common, fine biopores; very few organic/matric fecal pellets; many fine and medium, few coarse roots; diffuse and wavy to:
BC1:
25-30/50 cm; 2.5 YR 7/4; loamy very fine sand; very few, fine to coarse trachitic pumice gravel; 20-50% fine ,distinct, granular structure, rest of the groundmass has no macrostructure; friable; many, fine, biopores; common fine, few medium and coarse roots; diffuse and wavy to:
BC2:
30/50-70 cm; 2.5Y 7/3; loamy sand; fine to coarse fresh gravel in discontinuous layers < 1 cm in thickness; disturbed stratification, 10% fine granular structure concentrated in clusters; many fine biopores; many fine , few medium and coarse roots; diffuse and smooth to:
C1:
70-92 cm; 2.5 Y 7/2; common, very fine, manganese mottling,10 YR 2/2, on fissure surfaces; loamy sand, few trachytic pumice gravel; disturbed stratification; friable, locally firm; few fine, medium, and coarse roots; abrupt and smooth to:
C2: not described.
